Generation of Heterogeneous Semantic Annotations of XML Pages: A Multi-viewpoints Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v45i7.3669Abstract
The semantic annotations presented in current research are based on consensual descriptions of domain knowledge which are used to generate a consensual interpretation of the resource content. Sometimes specialists in a domain want to enrich this interpretation with specific interpretations based on their specialties, consistent with the interpretations of other specialists. However, extant work cannot enrich consensual annotations with heterogeneous annotations. We propose an approach constructs a consensual (global) annotation and then enriches the consensual annotation with heterogeneous (local) annotations, each of which is a specification of the global annotation. The heterogeneous annotations are consistent with the global interpretations and with one another. What is unique in our approach is that one element in a resource can be annotated with different specific concepts, based on different viewpoints. Our approach utilises a multi-viewpoints ontology, with heterogeneity at the local level and consensus at the global level.References
Abecker, A. and Van-Elst, L. (2004) ‘Ontologies for knowledge management’, in Staab, S. and Studer, R. (Eds.), Handbook on Ontologies, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 435–454.
Alani, H., Sanghee, K., Millard, D.E., Weal, M.J., Hall, W., Lewis P.H. and Shadbolt, N.R. (2003) ‘Automatic ontologbased knowledge extraction from web documents’, IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 14–21.
Apparo, V. and Pixley, T. (2008) ‘The NGLayout Document Object Model (DOM)’ Roadmap. Mozilla Organization [online] http://www.mozilla.org/newlayout/dom-roadmap.html.
Bach., T.L. (2006) Construction d’un Web sémantique multi-points de vue. PhD thesis, Mines ParisTech (École des Mines de Paris), Sophia Antipo lis, France.
Bechhofer, S., Carr, L., Goble, G., Kampa, S. and Miles, B.T. (2002) ‘The semantics of semantic annotation’, in Meersman, R. and Tari, Z. (Eds.), On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2002: CoopIS, DOA, and ODBASE, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 1152–1167.
Baumgartner, R., Flesca, S. and Gottlob, G. (2001) ‘Visual web information extraction with lixto’, Very Large Data Base Endowment Inc, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 119–128.
Benslimane, D., Arara, A., Falquet, G., Maamar, Z., Thiran, P. and Gargouri, F. (2006) ‘Contextual ontologies: Motivations, challenges, and solutions’, in Yakhno, T. and Neuhold, E. (Eds.), Advances in Information Systems, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 168–176.
Bhogal, J., Macfarlane, A. and Smith, P. (2007) ‘A review of ontology based query expansion’, Information Processing & Management, Vol. 43 No. 4, pp. 866–886.
Bohring, H. and Auer, S. (2005), ‘Mapping XML to OW L Ontologies’, in LIT 2005: Proceedings of Leipziger Informatik-Tage, Lecture Notes in Informatics, Leipzig, pp. 147–156.
Borgida., A. and Serafini, L. (2003) ‘Distributed description logics: Assimilating information from peer sources’, Journal of Data Semantics, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 153–184.
Bouquet, P., Giunchiglia, F., van-Harmelen, F., Serafini, L. and Stuckenschmidt, H. (2004) ‘Contextualizing ontologies’, Journal of Web Semantics, Vol. 1 No. 4, pp. 325–343.
Camacho, H. and Salhi, A. (2006) ‘A string metric based on a one-to-one greedy matching algorithm’, Research in Computing Science, Vol. 19, pp. 171–182.
Ciravegna, F. and Wilks, Y. (2003) ‘Designing adaptive information extraction for the semantic web in Amilcare’, in Handschuh, S. and Staab, S. (Eds.), Annotation for the Semantic Web, IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp. 112–127.
Davulcu, H., Vadrevu, S. and Nagarajan, S. (2005) ‘Ontominer: Automated metadata and instance mining from news websites’, International Journal of Web and Grid Services, Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 196–221.
Euzenat, J. (2002) ‘Eight questions about semantic web annotations’, IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 55–62.
Fellbaum, C. (Ed.). (1998) WordNet, An Electronic Lexical Database, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Ferdinand, M., Zirpins, C. and Trastour, D. (2004) ‘Lifting XML Schema to OWL’, in Koch, N., Fraternali, P. and Wirsing, M. (Eds.), Web Engineering, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 354–358.
Gómez-Berbís, J.M., Colomo-Palacios, R., López-Cua drado, J.L., González-Carrasco, I. and García-Crespo, Á. (2011) ‘SEAN: Multi-ontology sema ntic annotation for highly accurate closed domains’, International Journal of the Physical Sciences, Vol. 6 No. 6, pp. 1440–1451.
Gruber, T.R. (1995) ‘Towards principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing’, International Journal of Human and Computer Studies, Vol. 43 No. 5, pp. 907–928.
Hadjieleftheriou, M. and Srivastava, D. (2010) ‘Weighted set-based string similarity’, Data Engineering Bulletin, Vol. 33 No.1, pp. 25–36.
Handschuh, S., Staab, S. and Ciravegna, F. (2002) ‘S-cream-semi-automatic creation of metadata’, in Gómez-Pérez, A. and Benjamins, V.R. (Eds.), Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management: Ontologies and the Semantic Web, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 358–372.
Hemam, M., O. Djama and Boufaida, Z. (2010) ‘Une approche d’annotation sémantique à partir d’une ontologie multipoints de vue’. Proceedings of Journées d'Etudes Doctorales, pp.13–18
Hemam, M., and Boufaida, Z. (2011) ‘Mvp-OWL: A Multi-viewpoints ontology language for the semantic web’, International Journal of Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems, Inderscience Publishers Ltd. Vol. 3 No. 3, pp. 147–155.
Hemam, M., Djezzar M. and Boufaida, Z. (2017). "Multi-viewpoint Ontological Representation of Composite Concepts : a Description Logics Based Approach". Int. Journal of Intelligent Information and Database Systems, Inderscience Publishers Ltd. Vol. 10, N° 1/2, pp. 51–68.
Hemam, M. (2018) ‘An extension of the ontology web language with multi-viewpoints and probabilistic reasoning’. Int. Journal of Advanced Intelligence Paradigms, Inderscience Publishers Ltd. Vol. 10, N° 3, pp. 247–265.
Hignette, G., Buche, P., Dibie-Barthélemy, D., Juliette, B. and Haemmerlé, O. (2007) ‘Semantic annotation of data tables using a domain ontology’, in Corruble, V., Takeda, M. and Suzuki, E. (Eds.), Discovery Science, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 253–258.
Levenstein, A. (1966) ‘Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions, and reversals’, Soviet Physics Doklady, Vol. 10 No. 8, pp. 707–710.
Lindberg, D., Humphrey, B. and McCray, A. (1993) ‘The unified medical language system’, in Methods of Information in Medicine, Vol. 32 No. 4, pp. 281–291.
Mena, E., Kashyap, V., Illarramendi, A. and Sheth, A. (2000) ‘Imprecise answers in distributed environments: Estimation of information loss for multi-ontology based query processing’, International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, Vol. 9 No. 4, pp. 403–425.
Minsky, M., (1975) ‘A framework for representing knowledge’. In Winston, P., ed.: The Psychology of Computer Vision. McGraw Hill, New York.
Nguyen, V. T., Sallaberry, C. and Gaio, M. (2013) ‘Mesure de la similarité entre termes et labels de concepts ontologiques’, in Proceedings of 10th French Information Retrieval Conference, Computer Science bibliography, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, pp. 415–430.
Petridis, K., Anastasopoulos, D., Saathoff, C., Timmermann, N., Kompatsiaris, Y. and Staab, (2006) ‘M-ontomat-annotizer: Image annotation linking ontologies and multimedia low-level features’, in Gabrys, B., Howlett, R.J. and Jain, L.C. (Eds.), Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 633–640.
Rahayu, S.B. (2012) ‘Ranking algorithm for semantic document annotations’, International Journal of Information Retrieval Research, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 1–10.
Sitthisarn, S. and Bahoh, B. (2014) ‘Towards autom atic semantic annotation of Thai official correspondence: Leave of absence case study’, in Boonkrong, S., Unger, H. and Meesad, P. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Springer-Verlag, Springer, pp. 273–282.
Thiam, M. (2010) Annotation sémantique de documents Semi-structuré pour la recherche d’information . PhD thesis, University of Paris-Sud, Gaston Berger, France.
Trichet, F., Aimé, X. and Thovex, C. (2010) ‘OSIRIS: Ontology-based system for semantic information retrieval and indexation dedicated to community and open web spaces’, in Blanchard, E.G. and Allard, D. (Eds.), Handbook of Research in Culturally-Aware Information Technology: Perspectives and Models, Hershey, PA, pp. 465–483.
Uren, V., Cimiano, P., Iria, J., Handschuh, S., Vargas-Vera, M., Motta, E. and Ciravegna. F. (2006) ‘Semantic annotation for knowledge management: Requirements and a survey of the state of the art’, Journal of Web Semantics, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 14–28.
Wang, P., Xu, B., Lu, J., Li, Y. and Jiang, J. (2004) ‘Bridge ontology: A multi ontologies-based approach for semantic annotation’, Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences, Vol. 9 No. 5, pp. 617–622.
Yahia, N., Mokhtar, S. A. and Ahmed, A. (2012) ‘Automatic generation of OWL ontology from XML data source’, International Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 77–83.
Zhang, K., Li, J., Hong, M., Yan, X. and Song, Q. (2014) ‘Semantics enabled intelligent semi-structured document processor’, in Yuan, Y., Wu, X. and Lu, Y. (Eds.), Trustworthy Computing and Services, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 328–344.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
I assign to Informatica, An International Journal of Computing and Informatics ("Journal") the copyright in the manuscript identified above and any additional material (figures, tables, illustrations, software or other information intended for publication) submitted as part of or as a supplement to the manuscript ("Paper") in all forms and media throughout the world, in all languages, for the full term of copyright, effective when and if the article is accepted for publication. This transfer includes the right to reproduce and/or to distribute the Paper to other journals or digital libraries in electronic and online forms and systems.
I understand that I retain the rights to use the pre-prints, off-prints, accepted manuscript and published journal Paper for personal use, scholarly purposes and internal institutional use.
In certain cases, I can ask for retaining the publishing rights of the Paper. The Journal can permit or deny the request for publishing rights, to which I fully agree.
I declare that the submitted Paper is original, has been written by the stated authors and has not been published elsewhere nor is currently being considered for publication by any other journal and will not be submitted for such review while under review by this Journal. The Paper contains no material that violates proprietary rights of any other person or entity. I have obtained written permission from copyright owners for any excerpts from copyrighted works that are included and have credited the sources in my article. I have informed the co-author(s) of the terms of this publishing agreement.
Copyright © Slovenian Society Informatika
